The Battle of Petit Fort
December 5, 1780 at Lake Michigan area, Michigan
Facts about the Battle of Petit Fort
- Armies - American Forces was commanded by Capt. Jean Baptiste Hamelin and Lt. Thomas Brady and consisted of 30 militia. British Forces was commanded by Lt. Dagreaux Du Quindre and consisted of unknown number of Indians and militia.
- Casualties - American casualties were estimated to be 4 killed, 2 wounded, and 7 captured.. British casualties were unknown.
- Outcome - The result of the battle was a British victory.
Battle Begins
The Battle of Petit Fort was also known as the Battle of Trail Creek.
In late Autumn 1780, a small band of about 14 creoles from Cahokia, Illinois, under orders from Augustin de La Balme, set out for British-controlled Fort St. Joseph in southwest Michigan, led by Jean Baptiste Hamelin and Lieutenant Thomas Brady, a former British officer and Indian Agent who now supported the rebelling Americans. The party recruited from frontier settlements along the way, and doubled in size to about 30 men.
The company travelled up the Illinois River and Kankakee River, portaged near modern-day South Bend, Indiana, and continued down the St. Joseph River to Fort St. Joseph, which they plundered. The raid was timed while local Indians would be away hunting, but La Balme also hoped to create a distraction for his journey up the Wabash River to attack Fort Detroit.
The raiders returned by way of the Sauk Trail with pack-horses loaded down with plunder, mostly trade furs. British Lt. Dagreaux Du Quindre, however, learned of the raid and quickly formed a band of loyalist traders and Potawatomi under Chief Anaquiba and his son, Topeneble. They followed Brady's company and overtook it at the sandy dunes South of Lake Michigan.
A race ensued for miles through the dunes, until the raiders took up defensive positions at Petit Fort. Maj. DePeyster reported the action January 8, 1781 in a letter to General Henry Watson Powell:
"A Detachment from the Cahokias, consisting of sixteen men only, commanded by a half Indian named Jean Baptiste Hammelain, timed it so as to arrive at St. Joseph’s with Pack Horses, when the Indians were out on their first Hunt, an old Chief and his family excepted. They took the Traders Prisoners, and carried off all the goods, consisting of at least Fifty Bales, and took the Route of Chicagou. Lieut. Dagreaux Du Quindre, who I had stationed near St. Josephs, upon being informed of it, immediately assembled the Indians, and pursued them as far as the petite Fort, a days Journey beyond the Riviere Du Chemin where on the 5th December, he summoned them to surrender, on their refusing to do it he ordered the Indians to attack them. Without a loss of a man on his side, killed four, wounded two, and took seven Prisoners, the other Three escaped in the thick Wood. Three of the Prisoners were brought in here amongst whom is Brady a Superintendent of Indian affairs. The rest he suffered the Indians to take to M. Makina. I look upon these Gentry as Robbers and not Prisoners of war, having no commission, that I can learn, other than a verbal order from Mons. Trottier an Inhabitant of the Cahoes . ."